Zinfandel (Primitivo)

Written by Haley Mercedes

zin-fan-dell

Zinfandel wine is a bold, fruit-forward red loved for its jammy fruit and smoky, exotic spice notes. It’s also made into a sweet rosé called White Zinfandel.

Primary Flavors

  • Blackberry
  • Strawberry
  • Peach Preserves
  • Cinnamon
  • Sweet Tobacco

Taste Profile

Dry

Medium-full Body

Medium-high Tannins

Medium-low Acidity

Over 15% ABV

Handling

  • SERVE
    60–68°F / 15-20°C

  • GLASS TYPE
    Universal

  • DECANT
    30 Minutes

  • CELLAR
    5–10 Years

Food Pairing

Zinfandel pairs well with Moroccan and Turkish spices that complement its cinnamon-spice notes, and Pizza Rustica, a traditional Puglian dish, a wafer-thin calzone stuffed with roasted onions, tomatoes, anchovies, and olives.

asian barbecue wine pairingasian barbecue wine pairing

Meat Pairing: The hearty, bold flavors in Zinfandel make it a natural companion for the rich and flavorful world of BBQ. Try ribs, grilled chicken, roast lamb, pulled pork, pork chops, blackened salmon, bacon-wrapped tenderloin, game meats, and burgers!

Cheese Pairing: Think rich and bold, such as sharp cheddar, smoked gouda, and grilled halloumi.

Vegetable Pairing: Go for vegetables with big flavor; opt for vegetables with bold flavors, such as caramelized onion, tomatoes, grilled eggplant, mushrooms, olives, zucchini, or even baked beans.

Spices & Herbs: Think curry spice. Go for anything smoked or charred: cajun spice, cumin, black pepper, sage, rosemary, cardamom, cinnamon, fennel, black tea leaf, coffee, and cocoa.


white-zinfandel-in-a-glass

White Zinfandel

White Zinfandel is a kind of rosé. It is sweet and has aromas of bright red fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries, cherries, and rich citrus.

Whether you love or hate it, White Zinfandel isn’t going away any time soon (it may have helped save all the old Zinfandel vines we have today!).

The trend started in the 1970s a bit by accident. According to Sutter Home, a tank of their Oeil de Perdrix (a saignée rosé wine) got “stuck” in mid-fermentation. The yeasts died before eating all the sugars, and the wine was ruined!

However, when the winemaker tasted it, he found the bitterness in the wine had “disappeared” with the residual sugar. Better yet, customers loved it!


zinfandel-wine-grapes-glass-winefolly-infographic
Zinfandel has big grape bunches but small berries and thin skins.

6 Fun Facts About Zinfandel

  1. Zinfandel has been touted as “America’s grape,” but it actually hails from Croatia and was likely brought to the USA in the early 1800s.
  2. The Italian name for the grape, Primitivo, comes from the Latin word “primativus” and the old Italian word “primaticcio,” both mean “early ripener” or “first to ripen.”
  3. White Zinfandel isn’t white at all; it’s pink! But there is a rare white mutation of the grape.
  4. National Zinfandel Day is the 3rd Wednesday in November (Yes, Zin pairs excellently with turkey!).
  5. Zinfandel is notorious for uneven ripening, so bunches have to be left on the vine to ripen fully. This leads to high sugar in the berries, which makes for high-alcohol wines.
  6. Zin berries are thin-skinned but also quite small, which means less skin-to-juice ratio and, therefore, potentially higher tannins.

Zinfandel wine infographic tasting notes - Wine Folly

Tasting Zinfandel Wine

The flavors in Zinfandel range depending on how ripe the grapes are.

Typically, wines from cooler areas have juicy red berry flavors on the nose, such as strawberry or raspberry. For wines made in warmer climates, flavors turn to deeper black fruits. There is always a rich baking spice and an underlying peppery note.

On the palate, expect a full-bodied, lush, mouth-filling wine, usually with elevated alcohol (14%+ ABV). High-quality Zinfandel will have high tannins.
(Remember, styles vary by producer!)


Where Does It Grow?

  • USA: ~45,840 acres / 18,551 hectares (mostly Lodi, Paso Robles, North Coast, and Sierra Foothills)
  • Italy: ~34,337 acres / 13,896 hectares (mostly Puglia)
  • Macedonia: ~2,471 acres / 1,000 hectares
  • Australia: ~215 acres / 87 hectares
  • Others: Chile, Canada, South Africa,
  • Total Vineyard Area – 83,148 acres (33,649 hectares) (Source: University of Adelaide, 2021)

Zinfandel (aka Primitivo) is California’s fourth most planted wine grape (after Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Pinot Noir). It performs well in warm, sunny regions and is very sensitive to terroir (because of its thin skins).

It wasn’t until the 1990s that we learned Zinfandel is genetically identical to the Croatian grape Tribidrag (aka Crljenak Kaštelanski). Current history suggests it was imported to America during the early 1800s.


Zinfandel Regions to Explore

lodi-old-vine-zinfandel-marians-vineyard-mohr-fry-mokelumne
A very old Zinfandel vine grows in sandy soils in the Mokelumne region of Lodi.

Lodi, California

Flavors: blackberry, peach yogurt, roasted plum, cinnamon, and sweet tobacco.

The climate in the Lodi wine region is Mediterranean with hot days and cool nights. Fortunately, it receives a moderating influence from the San Francisco Bay.

The Sacramento River Delta brings “delta breezes” that act like natural air conditioning. Soils here are sandy with some clay. Some soils are so sandy they completely resist grape phylloxera.

Old vine Zinfandel on sandy loam soils in Russian River Valley by Justin Kern
Zinfandel growing on sandy-loam soils in Sonoma’s Russian River Valley.

North Coast, California

Flavors: blackberry, black cherry, bramble, vanilla, and black pepper.

Within the North Coast region, Sonoma is diverse in both soil and climate. Long, warm (rarely hot) summer days and very cool nights receive cooling fog and ocean breezes, which give wines their freshness from acidity. Notable Zinfandel hotspots include Dry Creek, Rockpile, Alexander Valley, and the Russian River Valley.

Mendocino experiences high temperatures during the day but cools at night. The rich, well-drained soils give the wine tartness, acidity, and red berry notes.

Napa Valley has many volcanic soils, making rich, tannic, and smoky Zinfandel wines.

Amador-vineyards-sierra-foothills-david-schroeder
Vineyards at Shake Ridge Ranch in Amador. Photo by David Schroeder.

Sierra Foothills, California

Flavors: raspberry, cherry, blackberry, cranberry, and sweet baking spice.

The region consists primarily of sandy clay and granitic soils along the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Because of these soils, wines tend to offer high aromatic intensity and lighter color.

You can also expect lively acidity because the elevation makes for cool nights (and preserves acidity).

Puglia wine country vineyards by Giorgio Guerrieri
Even though Puglia is 6400 miles from Lodi, it looks oddly similar. Photo by Giorgio Guerrieri.

Puglia, Italy

Flavors: raspberry, blackberry, baking spice, licorice, and desert herbs.

It’s common to find wines labeled by variety in Puglia, although there are also some official wine regions that specialize in Primitivo.

Primitivo di Manduria

This is a popular region for Primitivo, where the wines must contain at least 85% of the variety. Expect high alcohol (14%+ ABV) but with a rustic edge rather than a jammy character.

Gioia del Colle

The grape first received its name, “Primitivo,” from a priest in the eighteenth century. These wines have a reputation for being slightly more subdued in body and alcohol.

Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale

A true sweet wine designation for Primitivo. These are produced in a late-harvest style, where grapes can raisinate to increase sugar content.

Sources

Written byHaley Mercedes

I got a tattoo of grapes during veraison… does that make me a wine geek? Possibly. WSET diploma seeker @haley.mercedes